D3.290 - Manifestations of allergic skin lesions in the early childhood and adult population: Epidemiological manifestations of diseases

Allergy and allergic diseases are a global public health problem in the world. In the current era of modern allergy, the study of the epidemiological study of allergic diseases is still relevant in the world.

The purpose of our study is precisely: the manifestation of allergic skin lesions, which are mainly observed from an early age. In our clinics, in the children and adolescent population according to outpatient visits.Active detection of symptoms of skin allergic diseases, the study of the prevalence was carried out on the basis of a single-point epidemiological study of clinic visits and outpatient patient inflows in 2021-2024. A questionnaire was developed, diagnostic criteria for allergic diseases, atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, urticaria, angiodermatitis, psoriasis were approved, we used the classification provided by LORIA. A representative study contingent was selected. The study contingent consisted of 2099 children and adolescents aged 0-6 months to 35 years living in Tbilisi, Kutaisi and its environs, including 903 girls and 1196 boys.At the second stage, a clinical and allergological study was conducted on 734 patients who had skin allergic symptoms for the past 42 months. Some of the patients underwent skin allergy tests, using the standard ALK scherax kit, the standard allergen kit was presented with food, plant, drug allergy, epidermal and household allergens. Some of the patients had their IgE levels determined by the immunoenzymatic method. 

According to the age gradation of the studied contingent, we divided it into 4 groups: Group I included children from 0 months to 6 years old, Group II included children from 6 to 18 years old, Group III consisted of adolescents from 19 to 29 years old, Group IV consisted of the population aged 29 to 35 years old. According to the results of the questionnaire, during 42 months, itching episodes were observed in Group I of the studied population -3.8%, Group II - 6.7%, Group III - 5.8%, Group IV - 18.8%. 64.9% of the surveyed population did not have it. (p>0.5). Food allergies were observed, 8.4% of the total population had it to various foods. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis was highest in the first group of the child population - 3.8%, while in the remaining groups II-2.1%, III- 1.9%, IV-8.9%, which was significant p>0.5. The noted allergic contact dermatitis was observed in 6.8% of the population, urticaria was noted in 5.3% of the population, angiodermatitis was detected in 3.5% of the population, and psoriasis was diagnosed in 0.3% of adults, where p>0.5 was significant.At the next stage of the epidemiological study, the etiological structure of allergic diseases was studied. The study was conducted on a randomly selected contingent of the identified patients, 434 patients. The spectrum and number of examinations performed (the total number of examinations performed was IgE in 198 examined subjects, skin samples were also 198). 

Standardization of epidemiological research, using unified diagnostic criteria and a questionnaire, allows for the determination of the prevalence, structure and risk factors of these diseases and the provision of reliable information on the prevalence of allergic diseases in the population of children and adults.