D1.404 - Use of inactivated polybacterial mucosal vaccine (IPMV) as part of the treatment for the reduction of recurrent acute respiratory infections

IPMV are defined as inactivated bacteria belonging to the most relevant pathogens that cause infections in the pediatric group. These have the capacity to trigger an immune response. IPMV are generally used for the prevention of respiratory infections in children.

This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of using bacterial vaccines as part of the treatment to reduce recurrent acute respiratory infections in patients at the National Institute of Pediatrics.

A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the National Institute of Pediatrics of the Ministry of Health in Mexico City, during an evaluation period from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2023. By reviewing clinical records, the aim was to collect the corresponding information on patients who meet the criteria for recurrent infections and have been under treatment with a bacterial vaccine. Central tendency measures were used for data analysis. For the association between the number of infections presented before and after the use of the vaccine, the Pearson or Spearman correlation test was used with a p <0.05 for statistical significance.

There was a reduction in the frequency of infections after the vaccine was administered, highlighting that the average of pre-IPMV pneumonias in the previous year was 1.0 (+/- 1.0985) while the average of post-IPMV pneumonias was 0.0 (+/- 0.4263); the mean of previous year pre-IPMV sinusitis was 0.0 (+/- .6011) while the mean of post-IPMV sinusitis was 0.0 (+/- 0.2855); and the mean of the previous year's pre-IPMV acute otitis media (AOM) was 0.0 (+/- .7022) while the mean of the post-IPMV AOM was 0.0 (+/- 0.3142). These findings are in accordance with the Bradford-Hill principle of consistency, which provides external validity to research by showing consistent results in different populations and situations.

There was a reduction in recurrent acute respiratory infections with the use of IPMV, in patients at the National Institute of Pediatrics