- D3.506 - Assessment of exposure profiles and allergic outcomes in veterinary workers: findings from a standardized questionnaire

Animal-derived proteins are among the main high-molecular-weight occupational allergens and are responsible for IgE-mediated sensitization in multiple work environments, including veterinary settings. A high prevalence of respiratory and cutaneous symptoms is reported among these workers; however, clinical studies remain limited. Exposure assessment studies show variability in environmental allergen levels, and no occupational exposure limits have been established. Our aim is to characterize animal allergen exposure profiles and associated allergic manifestations in veterinary workers to integrate occupational health surveillance (OHS) protocols and preventive measures.

A cross-sectional observational study was conducted between September 2024 and July 2025. An ad hoc questionnaire was administered by a physician to 97 workers from the veterinary departments of the University of Padua. All participants regularly underwent OHS. The questionnaire was divided into two sections. The exposure section examined both occupational and domestic exposure to animal allergens, including current and past job tasks, the animal species handled, and the use of personal protective equipment. The clinical section evaluated personal characteristics (e.g., atopy and smoking status), medical history, and treatments specifically related to respiratory and cutaneous symptoms. 

Veterinarians were the most exposed to animal allergens, followed by zootechnicians and technical staff; however, exposure patterns were highly heterogeneous and involved various animal species. The prevalence of rhinitis and asthma was 47% and 4%, respectively, with 16.5% of the participants reporting both conditions. Symptoms exacerbations at work were observed in 43.8% of asthmatic and 34.5% of rhinitic subjects. Cutaneous manifestations were reported by 39% of workers. Notably, symptom onset occurred during adulthood in more than 50% of cases. Atopy was strongly associated with respiratory or cutaneous conditions (p<0.05).

Veterinary workers show a high prevalence of respiratory and cutaneous symptoms, frequently with onset in adulthood, which may suggest a work-related association. Considering that, the heterogeneity of job tasks and different animal exposures make it challenging to identify specific inducers, standardized questionnaires may play a pivotal role in guaranteeing the early identification of at-risk individuals.