D1.479 - Lung function in children with cystic fibrosis associated with wheezing

Wheezing in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) tends to decrease over time, while pulmonary function deterioration becomes more pronounced. Age-related changes in lung function and immunological markers remain insufficiently studied. Therefore, an evaluation of pulmonary function and immuno-allergic characteristics are necessary to optimize the monitoring and management of pediatric CF patients with wheezing. The aim of the study was to investigate the progression of obstructive and restrictive pulmonary changes and atopic mechanisms in children with CF.

The study included 52 children with cystic fibrosis who were initially evaluated at the age of 5–6 years and subsequently re-evaluated at 14–16 years. Respiratory function was assessed by spirometry, and total serum IgE levels (IU/mL) were analyzed. 

Mean values of FVC assessed at the primary evaluation were within the normal range (83.9 ± 4.7%), but showed a progressive decline toward adolescence, reaching 70.1±4.95% (T stat=2.0160, p=0.052). A similar result was observed for FEV₁ (84.4 ± 5.4% vs 68.8 ± 5.9%, T = 1.9658, p = 0.058). The Tiffeneau index did not demonstrate statistically significant differences between age groups (94.6 ± 5.8% vs 88.7 ± 6.3%, T = 1.26, p > 0.05). Total serum IgE levels were elevated in both groups: 46% of younger children and 26% of adolescents had IgE levels > 100 IU/mL, with higher mean values observed in the younger group (153.6 ± 48.09 IU/mL vs 121.5 ± 52.2 IU/mL; p = 0.668). These findings suggest early functional impairment with persistent airway obstruction across all age categories. 

Children with cystic fibrosis exhibit progressive deterioration characterized by both restrictive and obstructive pulmonary changes over time. Elevated total IgE levels predominantly occur in early childhood.