D3.267 - Statistics of Contributing Factors to Atopic Dermatitis in Children

>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease of infancy and childhood and is characterized by a highly variable clinical course among individual patients. Allergic dermatitis in children represents a significant public health challenge in modern medicine due to its increasing prevalence and often severe disease course. Atopic dermatitis is frequently a primary diagnosis in pediatric practice.

The study involved 69 patients (aged 1-18, 35 girls and 34 boys). With complaints of allergic rash on the skin, they came to the National Institute of Allergology, Asthma and Clinical Immunology 

Elevated total IgE levels were detected in 41 patients (59%). Allergen-specific IgE positivity was observed in only 25 patients (36%). The most common sensitizations were to weeds (Wx2: ragweed, plantain, tarragon, atriplex) in 5 patients (5.6%); tree pollens (Tx9: alder, hazel, oak, willow, walnut) in 6 patients (6.7%); cereals (Gx1: Festuca pratensis, Lolium temulentum, Phleum pratense, Poa) in 2 patients (2.2%); and molds (Mx2: Penicillium notatum, Cladosporium herbarum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Alternaria alternata) in 16 patients (17.9%).

A positive Helicobacter pylori test was found in 29 patients (42%). Parasitological examination revealed a high prevalence of helminthic infections and a strong association with allergenization: Toxocara was detected in 21 patients (30%), Ascaris in 5 (7.2%), and Giardia lamblia in 3 (4.3%). Thyroid hormone abnormalities were identified in only 5 patients (7.2%). In many cases, combinations of etiological factors were observed, such as Helicobacter pylori with toxocariasis or specific allergen sensitization combined with parasitic infection. These combined factors were associated with more severe disease manifestations.

The results highlight the importance of continuous epidemiological monitoring and updated statistical analyses to guide prevention strategies and optimize patient-oriented treatment approaches. This remains one of the most important and urgent tasks in modern medicine.