- D3.494 - Respiratory Impairment and Asthma-Related Risks in Hairdressers: A Cross-Sectional Study Across Occupational Exposure Subgroups

Hairdressers are routinely exposed to a wide range of chemical agents that may adversely affect respiratory health. Despite increasing concern regarding work-related asthma and allergic airway diseases in this population, limited data exist on exposure-based differences in respiratory outcomes.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 152 female hairdressers in Tehran, Iran. Participants were categorized into four occupational exposure subgroups: (1) direct exposure to hair dyes, bleaching agents, and keratinizing products; (2) exposure to varnish, acetone, and nail implant materials; (3) exposure to adhesives used for eyelash and hair extensions; and (4) minimal or no direct exposure. Respiratory and nasal symptoms were assessed using the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) III questionnaire. Spirometric parameters (FVC, FEV₁, FEV₁/FVC, and FEF₂₅–₇₅) and bronchodilator responsiveness were evaluated.

Respiratory symptoms were reported by 42.1% of participants, most frequently among subgroup 1. The most commonly reported symptoms included cough (64.3%), wheezing (35.7%), and dyspnea (64.3%); nasal symptoms were present in 22.4%. Subgroup 1 showed significantly lower spirometry indices and a higher prevalence of obstructive lung patterns (40.5%). Bronchodilator-responsive obstruction indicative of asthma was observed in 34.2% of hairdressers.

Direct occupational exposure to hairdressing chemicals—particularly hair dyes and bleaching agents—is strongly associated with impaired pulmonary function and possible asthma. Routine respiratory health monitoring, use of personal protective equipment, and improved salon ventilation are strongly recommended.