D1.193 - Pumpkin Seed Allergy in Children

As seed consumption increases due to their nutritional benefits, the incidence of seed allergies is also rising. Pumpkin seeds, widely consumed in Türkiye, remain an understudied allergen. This study aims to describe the clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with IgE-mediated pumpkin seed allergy.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on pediatric patients with confirmed IgE-mediated pumpkin seed allergy who were followed at a referral center in Türkiye. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics, skin prick test (SPT) results for pumpkin seeds, and serum allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) levels were analyzed.

A total of 25 patients with a median age of 1.8 years (IQR 0.83–4.74) were included; 19 (76%) were male. The median pumpkin seed sIgE level was 10.3 kU/L (IQR 3.4–28.6), and the median pumpkin seed SPT wheal diameter was 13 mm (IQR 8–19). The most common atopic comorbidities were atopic dermatitis (n=23, 92%), asthma (n=12, 48%), and allergic rhinitis (n=12, 48%). Initial exposure to pumpkin seeds occurred at home in 19 patients (76%). Skin symptoms were common, including flushing/erythema (80%), urticaria (64%), pruritus (60%), angioedema (56%), and eczema (12%). Anaphylaxis was observed in 16 patients (64%). All patients (100%) tolerated pumpkin pulp. The most common concomitant food allergy was tree nut allergy (n=19, 76%), followed by other seed allergies (n=18, 72%). Watermelon seed sensitization was detected in 60% of patients, and watermelon seed allergy in 24%. Among the 18 patients tested for watermelon seeds, 16 (89%) had significant sensitization (mean SPT wheal diameter: 9 mm (IQR 5-12.75).

With increasing globalization, dietary habits are becoming more diverse, leading to the emergence of previously uncommon food allergies. The rising incidence of IgE-mediated pumpkin seed allergy reflects this trend. Clinicians should be aware of its potential association with watermelon seed allergy. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for ensuring the healthy growth, development, and overall well-being of children with food allergies.