D1.15 - Relationship between sensitization to peanuts and tree nuts in children with allergic diseases in a population of the Russian Federation

Tree nut and peanut allergens play an important role in the development of systemic food reactions. However, the prevalence of sensitization to them in the Russian population is insufficiently studied.

The frequency and level of sensitization to components of tree nuts and peanuts were analyzed using the ImmunoCAP ISAC allergy test in 1245 patients aged 0 to 17 years inclusive (median 6.00 [4.00-10.00]), females 514 (41%) and males 731 (59%). Patients had no sensitization to CCD.

Among 1245 patients, sensitization to tree nut molecules was detected in 706 patients (56.7%) and to peanut molecules in 567 patients (45.5%). Among patients sensitized to tree nuts, sensitization to storage proteins was (in descending order): Jug r 1 (125/706 (18%), sIgE 4.20 [1.30-13.00]), Jug r 2 (106/706 (15%), sIgE 1.30 [0.70-2.40]), Cor a 9 (74/706 (10%), sIgE 1.20 [0.60-4.60]), Ses i 1 (51/706 (7.2%), sIgE 2.00 [0.60-6.50]), Ana o 2 (32/706 (4.5%), sIgE 0.85 [0.55-1.80]) and Ber e 1 (13/706 (1.8%), sIgE 0.70 [0.50-1.60]). Among patients sensitized to peanut allergens, sensitization to stock proteins was (in descending order): Ara h 2 (71/567 (12.5%), sIgE 3.60 [1.50-19.00]), Ara h 1 (66/567 (11.6%), sIgE 3.30 [0.80-10. 00]), Ara h 6 (47/567 (8.3%), sIgE 8.00 [2.20-15.00]), and Ara h 3 (36/567 (6.3%), sIgE 3.10 [1.00-7.90]).

Patients were divided into 4 groups according to age: 0 to 2 years, 3 to 6 years, 7 to 12 years, and 13 to 17 years inclusive. Among patients with sensitization to tree nuts and peanut sensitization to storage proteins (Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 3, Ara h 6, Jug r 1, Jug r 2, Cor a 9, Ana o 2, Ses i 1) were most frequent in the group of children under 2 years of age. The only exception was the frequency of sensitization to Bre e 1, which was more frequent in the 3-6 year old group. At the same time, the frequency of sensitization to nsLTP (Ara h 9, Cor a 8, Jug r 3) did not depend on age, while the frequency of sensitization to PR-10 proteins was more frequent in the group of 3-6 years of age and then reached a plateau. When comparing the occurrence of sensitization to peanut and nut molecules by sex, no significant differences were found.

Correlation analysis of sIgE levels by Spearman's rank correlation method revealed a correlation of moderate strength between sIgE concentrations to Jug r 3 and Cor a 8 (r=0.51), Cor a 8 and Ara h 9 (r=0.69), Jug r 3 and Ara h 9 (r=0.66), Ara h 1 and Ara h 6 (r=0.63), Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 (r=1.00) (p<0.05).

The data obtained indicate that the most significant storage proteins for children with allergic diseases in the Russian population were components of walnut and peanut.

Analysis of age groups showed that sensitization to storage proteins was most often detected in children younger than 2 years of age, indicating an early onset of sensitization to risk molecules and requiring a more accurate approach to diagnosing patients at risk of developing food allergy.