D3.160 - Study of the allergic sensitization profile in asthmatic patients consulting at ignace deen university hospital, conakry

Allergic sensitization corresponds to the production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in response to specific allergens such as house dust mites, pollens, molds, and animal allergens. It plays a central role in the occurrence and progression of allergic diseases, particularly asthma. The objective of this study was to describe and analyze the allergic sensitization profile of asthmatic patients attending the allergy clinic of the Department of Pulmonology and Phthisiology at Conakry University Hospital

This was a prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted over a six-month period, from November 1, 2024 to April 30, 2025, at the Department of Pulmonology and Phthisiology of Conakry University Hospital. Patients attending the allergy clinic underwent a clinical assessment and an allergological evaluation, including skin prick testing.

The mean age of the patients was 30.4 ± 18.1 years, with a female predominance of 54.2%. Allergic rhinitis was found in 60.3% of patients and asthma in 35.9%. The main clinical symptoms were sneezing (74.8%), cough (64.9%), and nasal obstruction (60.3%). Skin prick tests were positive in 99.2% of patients. Sensitization was mainly dominated by house dust mites (55%), followed by molds (23%) and pollens (16.8%). Most patients were monosensitized (67%), while 22.3% were polysensitized. Identified risk factors included age under 30 years, presence of sputum, allergic rhinitis, waterpipe (shisha) smoking, and exposure to mites and animals.

Allergic sensitization is common among patients consulting in allergology. Early screening, appropriate therapeutic management, and targeted preventive measures focusing on environmental exposure and risk factors could significantly reduce the impact of allergens.