D1.275 - Wheat-free diet restore the normal intestinal microbiome structure in patients with wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis

Intestinal microbiome was found to play a role in the development of wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA), mainly prevented by wheat-free diet. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of wheat-free diet on the gut microbiota structure in patients with WDEIA. 

Fecal samples and clinical data were collected from patients with WDEIA and healthy controls (HCs). Patients were grouped based on their consumption of wheat. The gut microbiota was evaluated through metagenomic sequencing.

The sequencing revealed differences in the gut microbiome between patients with WDEIA on a non-wheat-free diet and HCs; more specifically, the non-wheat-free group exhibited a downregulation of two families (Rikenellaceae and Odoribacteraceae), three genera (Alistipes, Odoribacter, and Catenibacterium), and four species (Bacteroides_stercoris, Alistipes_putredinis, Bacteroides_intestinalis, and Bacteroides_cellulosilyticus). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) analysis revealed 25 metabolic pathways that significantly differed between the non-wheat-free patients with WDEIA and the HCs. Two HC-enriched microbial populations (Bacteroides_stercoris and Catenibacterium) and five HC-enriched pathways (the renin–angiotensin system, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance, apoptosis, and Huntington’s disease) were negatively correlated with the clinical indices. The depleted bacterial populations observed in the non-wheat-free group were restored in the wheat-free group.

Patients with WDEIA exhibit a specific gut microbiota signature and function, which demonstrated a potential association between the gut microbiome and WDEIA development. A wheat-free diet may provide benefit for these patients by regulating the gut microbiome.