D2.89 - Investigation of Asthma Characteristics in Women with Generalized Periodontitis and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Background
Introduction. Asthma and generalized periodontitis (GP) have a chronic course. Inhaled corticosteroids used for basic asthma therapy, hypoxia caused by asthma, and the respiratory behavior of patients can potentially trigger changes in the oral microbiome, leading to GP. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by excess androgens, ovulation dysfunction, infertility, and is often accompanied by insulin resistance, leading to obesity. Insulin resistance is a potential factor linking asthma and obesity. Hormonal changes in PCOS alter the quantitative and qualitative composition of periodontal microorganisms in saliva.
Aim. To analyze the characteristics of asthma in women with generalized periodontitis and polycystic ovary syndrome
Method
A total of 673 women with PCOS and 783 healthy women with a normal menstrual cycle were examined for the presence of generalized periodontitis. The median score of the women age was 32.5 years (32; 35.75). PCOS was diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria (2003). GP was diagnosed based on the classification by M.F. Danilevsky (1994). Asthma was diagnosed according to GINA criteria, 2023. Body mass index (BMI) was also assessed.
Results
Among the 673 women with PCOS, GP was diagnosed in 13.2%, while among the 783 healthy women, GP was newly diagnosed in 7.79% (p=0.001). The prevalence of asthma among women with both GP and PCOS was 1.5 times higher compared to women with GP alone (12.4% vs. 8.1%, p<0.05), particularly in those with overweight (BMI 25–29.9) and obesity (BMI ≥30). Patients with GP+PCOS+asthma were characterized by a reduced response to asthma treatment with inhaled corticosteroids, more frequent use of short-acting β-agonists (SABAs) (p=0.048), and a more severe course of GP.
Conclusion
Among women with GP+PCOS, particularly those with overweight and obesity, asthma is more prevalent and often has an uncontrolled course, while GP tends to be more severe. Such women should avoid systemic steroids for asthma treatment and be advised to consult a periodontist.
